from operator import add, mul
from functools import reduce

def count(s, value):
    """Count the number of occurrences of value in sequence s.

    >>> count( (1, 2, 1, 2, 1), 1)
    3
    """
    total = 0
    for elem in s:
        if elem == value:
            total = total + 1
    return total

def count_same(pairs):
    """Count the number of pairs that are the same value repeated.

    >>> pairs = ((1, 2), (2, 2), (2, 3), (4, 4))
    >>> count_same(pairs)
    2
    """
    same_count = 0
    for x, y in pairs:
        if x == y:
            same_count = same_count + 1
    return same_count

few = range(-2, 2)
many = range(-2, 5000000)

def fib(k):
    """Compute the kth Fibonacci number.

    >>> fib(1)
    0
    >>> fib(2)
    1
    >>> fib(11)
    55
    """
    prev, curr = 1, 0  # curr is the first Fibonacci number.
    for _ in range(1, k):
         prev, curr = curr, prev + curr
    return curr

def string_demos():
    'here' in "Where's Waldo?"
    'Mississippi'.count('i')
    'Mississippi'.count('issi')
    print('\a')
    hex(ord('A'))
    print('1\n2\n3')
    from unicodedata import lookup, name
    name('a')
    lookup('WHITE FROWNING FACE')
    lookup('SNOWMAN')
    lookup('SKULL AND CROSSBONES')
    lookup('THAI CHARACTER KHOMUT')
    frown = lookup('WHITE FROWNING FACE')
    len(frown)
    len(frown.encode('utf8'))
    dir('')
    "a midsummer-night's dream".title()
    numbers = ('one', 'two', 'three', 'four')
    'A ' + ', and a '.join(numbers)
    '{0} in hex is {1}'.format('a', hex(ord('a')))
    '{0} in hex is {1:X}'.format('a', ord('a'))

map_demo = map(print, (1,2,3,4))

def iseven(n):
    return n % 2 == 0

def sum_even_fibs(n):
    """Sum the first n even Fibonacci numbers.

    >>> sum_even_fibs(11)
    44
    """
    return sum(filter(iseven, map(fib, range(1, n+1))))

def first(s):
    return s[0]

def iscap(s):
    return len(s) > 0 and s[0].isupper()

def acronym(name):
    """Return a tuple of the letters that form the acronym for name.

    >>> acronym('University of California Berkeley')
    ('U', 'C', 'B')
    """
    return tuple(map(first, filter(iscap, name.split())))

def sum_even_fibs_gen(n):
    """Sum the first n even Fibonacci numbers.

    >>> sum_even_fibs_gen(11)
    44
    """
    return sum(fib(k) for k in range(1, n+1) if fib(k) % 2 == 0)

def acronym_gen(name):
    """Return a tuple of the letters that form the acronym for name.

    >>> acronym_gen('University of California Berkeley')
    ('U', 'C', 'B')
    """
    return tuple(w[0] for w in name.split() if iscap(w))

bugg = 'University of California Berkeley Undergraduate Graphics Group'
sum_even_fibs(11)
acronym(bugg)