def spaces():
    """Separate characters with spaces."""
    import sys
    for line in sys.stdin:
        sys.stdout.write(' '.join(line))

def spark_lines():
    """Find the lines of shakespeare last in the alphabet.

    Run with spark-submit.

    E.g., cat shakespeare.txt | sort -r | head -n2
    """
    from pyspark import SparkContext

    sc = SparkContext()
    lines = sc.textFile('shakespeare.txt')
    a, b = lines.sortBy(lambda s: s, False).take(2)
    print(a)
    print(b)

def vowels(line):
    """Yield (vowel, count) pairs."""
    for v in 'aeiou':
        if v in line:
            yield (v, line.count(v))

def count_with_spark():
    """Count vowels in a text file.
    
    Run with spark-submit.
    """
    from pyspark import SparkContext
    from operator import add
    sc = SparkContext(appName="VowelCount")

    lines = sc.textFile('shakespeare.txt')
    vowels = lines.flatMap(vowels).reduceByKey(add).sortByKey().collect()
    print(vowels)