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By shifting images, we can simulate the camera which adjusts focal length. Below is the simulation of a camera focusing at different depths using all the grid images. (You can see the focus is moving! - if it's not moving, please refresh and take a look again! )
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Now we limit the image grid that we average on and obtain a simulation of a camera's aperture system. A lower aperture allows less light, and it will produce a focus across the whole image. On the other hand, for the larger aperture, more light enters into the system, and it has the blurred effect on the part which the light rays don't converge. (if it's not moving, please refresh and take a look again! )
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Through this project, I learned depth refocusing and the interactions with light rays and different apertures. It was so interesting that these technique are not hard to implement. I enjoyed it a lot!