Due: Friday, 4/13 @ 4pm
The Brackulator language shares an evaluator with the Calculator language, but uses a more concise syntax. Instead of using operator names or symbols, Brackulator indicates operations using different kinds of brackets:
[]: add
(): subtract
<>: multiply
{}: divide
Operand expressions are separated by spaces within these brackets. The following Brackulator expressions are followed by their Calculator equivalents:
<1 2 3> mul(1, 2, 3)
(5) sub(5)
[2{4 8}] add(2, div(4, 8))
<[2{12 6}](3 4 5)> mul(add(2, div(12, 6)), sub(3, 4, 5))
By solving the following problems, you will implement a parser, brack_parse, that returns an expression tree for the calc_eval evaluator from lecture, but which parses a Brackulator expression. The evaluator and read-eval-print loop for Calculator appear at the end of this file so that you can experiment with Brackulator once you have implemented the parser. The Exp class is unchanged.
Q1. Implement tokenize, which splits a Brackulator expression into tokens. Each number and bracket is its own token.
Q2. Implement isvalid, 1which tests whether a prefix of a list of tokens is a well-formed Brackulator expression. A matching right bracket must appear after each left bracket, and if two left brackets appear in sequence, then the matching right bracket of the first must appear after the matching right bracket of the second. Any token that is not a left or right bracket must be a number; the provided coerce_to_number function may prove useful.
Hint: This function is similar to analyze from Calculator, but doesn't need to build an expression tree (that's problem 3).
Q3. Implement analyze, which returns an expression tree for the first valid Brackulator expression in a list of tokens. The expression tree should contain Calculator operators that correspond to the bracket types. Raise appropriate syntax errors for any malformed expressions.
Once you complete this problem, your Brackulator implementation should work.
Q4. The Python Challenge is a website designed to teach people the many features of the Python Library. Each page of the site is a puzzle that can be solved simply in Python. The solution to each puzzle gives the URL of the next.
To complete your homework, include your solution to puzzle 4 (the one with the picture of a wood carving). You will have to complete puzzles 0, 1, 2, and 3 to reach 4. Start from Puzzle 0
Hints:
Puzzle 1. Try str.maketrans to make a dictionary and str.translate to generate a new string. Letters are listed in the string module.
>>> 'Borkozoy'.translate(str.maketrans('oz', 'el'))
'Berkeley'
>>> import string
>>> string.ascii_lowercase
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
Puzzles 2 & 3. To view the source code of a web page in a browser, use:
Chrome: View > Developer > View Page Source Firefox: Tools > Web Developer > Page Source Safari: View > View Source
(the option exists in other browsers as well)
Uppercase letters are also in the string module:
>>> string.ascii_uppercase 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
Puzzle 4. Here's an example of fetching the source of a web page in Python. The address below links to an archive of the first WWW site.:
>>> base = 'http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext'
>>> addr = base + '/WWW/TheProject.html'
>>> from urllib.request import urlopen
>>> contents = urlopen(addr).read().decode()
>>> contents.split('\n')[1]
'<TITLE>The World Wide Web project</TITLE>'
As you work on this puzzle, make sure to print the result of each step.
The comments on the puzzle page say: urllib may help. DON'T TRY ALL NOTHINGS, since it will never end. 400 times is more than enough.