Homework 4: Iterators and Generators
Due by 11:59pm on Wednesday, July 21
Instructions
Download hw04.zip. Inside the archive, you will find a file called
hw04.py, along with a copy of the ok
autograder.
Submission: When you are done, submit with python3 ok
--submit
. You may submit more than once before the deadline; only the
final submission will be scored. Check that you have successfully submitted
your code on okpy.org. See Lab 0 for more instructions on
submitting assignments.
Using Ok: If you have any questions about using Ok, please refer to this guide.
Readings: You might find the following references useful:
Grading: Homework is graded based on correctness. Each incorrect problem will decrease the total score by one point. There is a homework recovery policy as stated in the syllabus. This homework is out of 3 points.
Hint Video
Homework 4 Hint Video
Required questions
Q1: Repeated
Implement a function (not a generator function) that returns the first value in
the iterator t
that appears k
times in a row.
As described in lecture, iterators
can provide values using either the next(t)
function or with a for-loop. Do not worry
about cases where the function reaches the end of the iterator without finding a suitable
value, all lists passed in for the tests will have a value that should be returned. If you
are receiving an error where the iterator has completed then the program is not identifying
the correct value.
Iterate through the items such that if the same iterator is passed into
repeated
twice, it continues in the second call at the point it left off in the first. An
example of this behavior is shown in the doctests.
def repeated(t, k):
"""Return the first value in iterator T that appears K times in a row. Iterate through the items such that
if the same iterator is passed into repeated twice, it continues in the second call at the point it left off
in the first.
>>> s = iter([10, 9, 10, 9, 9, 10, 8, 8, 8, 7])
>>> repeated(s, 2)
9
>>> s2 = iter([10, 9, 10, 9, 9, 10, 8, 8, 8, 7])
>>> repeated(s2, 3)
8
>>> s = iter([3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5])
>>> repeated(s, 3)
2
>>> repeated(s, 3)
5
>>> s2 = iter([4, 1, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8, 2, 2, 2, 5])
>>> repeated(s2, 3)
2
"""
assert k > 1
"*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
Use Ok to test your code:
python3 ok -q repeated
Q2: Generate Permutations
Given a sequence of unique elements, a permutation of the sequence is a list
containing the elements of the sequence in some arbitrary order. For example,
[2, 1, 3]
, [1, 3, 2]
, and [3, 2, 1]
are some of the permutations of the
sequence [1, 2, 3]
.
Implement permutations
, a generator function that takes in a sequence seq
and returns a generator that yields all permutations of seq
.
Permutations may be yielded in any order. Note that the doctests test whether
you are yielding all possible permutations, but not in any particular order.
The built-in sorted
function takes in an iterable object and returns a list
containing the elements of the iterable in non-decreasing order.
Hint: If you had the permutations of all the elements in
seq
not including the first element, how could you use that to generate the permutations of the fullseq
?Hint: If you're having trouble getting started, see the hints video for this question for tips on how to approach this question.
def permutations(seq):
"""Generates all permutations of the given sequence. Each permutation is a
list of the elements in SEQ in a different order. The permutations may be
yielded in any order.
>>> perms = permutations([100])
>>> type(perms)
<class 'generator'>
>>> next(perms)
[100]
>>> try: #this piece of code prints "No more permutations!" if calling next would cause an error
... next(perms)
... except StopIteration:
... print('No more permutations!')
No more permutations!
>>> sorted(permutations([1, 2, 3])) # Returns a sorted list containing elements of the generator
[[1, 2, 3], [1, 3, 2], [2, 1, 3], [2, 3, 1], [3, 1, 2], [3, 2, 1]]
>>> sorted(permutations((10, 20, 30)))
[[10, 20, 30], [10, 30, 20], [20, 10, 30], [20, 30, 10], [30, 10, 20], [30, 20, 10]]
>>> sorted(permutations("ab"))
[['a', 'b'], ['b', 'a']]
"""
"*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
Use Ok to test your code:
python3 ok -q permutations
Q3: Generators generator
Write the generator function make_generators_generator
, which takes a
zero-argument generator function g
and returns a generator that yields
generators. The behavior of each of these generators is as follows:
Since g
is a generator function, calling g()
will return a generator
object that yields elements when next
is called on it. For each element
e
that is yielded when next
is called on the generator object
returned by g()
, your generator should yield a corresponding generator
function that generates the first values, up until e
, that are yielded
by the generator returned by calling g()
. See the doctests for examples.
def make_generators_generator(g):
"""Generates all the "sub"-generators of the generator returned by
the generator function g.
>>> def every_m_ints_to(n, m):
... i = 0
... while (i <= n):
... yield i
... i += m
...
>>> def every_3_ints_to_10():
... for item in every_m_ints_to(10, 3):
... yield item
...
>>> for gen in make_generators_generator(every_3_ints_to_10):
... print("Next Generator:")
... for item in gen:
... print(item)
...
Next Generator:
0
Next Generator:
0
3
Next Generator:
0
3
6
Next Generator:
0
3
6
9
"""
def gener(x):
for e in ___________:
______________________________
if _________________________:
______________________________
for e in ___________:
______________________________
Use Ok to test your code:
python3 ok -q make_generators_generator
Submit
Make sure to submit this assignment by running:
python3 ok --submit
Just for Fun Question
Q4: Remainder Generator
Like functions, generators can also be higher-order. For this problem, we will be writingremainders_generator
, which yields a series of generator
objects.
remainders_generator
takes in an integer m
, and yields m
different
generators. The first generator is a generator of multiples of m
, i.e.
numbers where the remainder is 0. The second is a generator of natural numbers
with remainder 1 when divided by m
. The last generator yields natural numbers
with remainder m - 1
when divided by m
.
Hint: To create a generator of infinite natural numbers, you can call the
naturals
function that's provided in the starter code.
Hint: Consider defining an inner generator function. Each yielded generator varies only in that the elements of each generator have a particular remainder when divided by
m
. What does that tell you about the argument(s) that the inner function should take in?
def remainders_generator(m):
"""
Yields m generators. The ith yielded generator yields natural numbers whose
remainder is i when divided by m.
>>> import types
>>> [isinstance(gen, types.GeneratorType) for gen in remainders_generator(5)]
[True, True, True, True, True]
>>> remainders_four = remainders_generator(4)
>>> for i in range(4):
... print("First 3 natural numbers with remainder {0} when divided by 4:".format(i))
... gen = next(remainders_four)
... for _ in range(3):
... print(next(gen))
First 3 natural numbers with remainder 0 when divided by 4:
4
8
12
First 3 natural numbers with remainder 1 when divided by 4:
1
5
9
First 3 natural numbers with remainder 2 when divided by 4:
2
6
10
First 3 natural numbers with remainder 3 when divided by 4:
3
7
11
"""
"*** YOUR CODE HERE ***"
Note that if you have implemented this correctly, each of the
generators yielded by remainder_generator
will be infinite - you
can keep calling next
on them forever without running into a
StopIteration
exception.
Use Ok to test your code:
python3 ok -q remainders_generator